Agricultural Science

The use of safe and effective anaesthetic techniques can have a major influence both on the welfare of laboratory animals and the quality of the research results obtained in using them. In times of justified public and scientific concerns over such issues, the need for clear and concise advise on good technique is of paramount importance.However, much anaesthetic work in the laboratory is carried out by research workers and support staff who have not benefited from specialist veterinary training. This second edition of Paul Flecknell's invaluable guide gives just the sort of clear concise practical information such people need. It follows all the key stages from preoperative care thorough anesthesia itself to the post - anaesthetic recovery period.Following these general sections, there are specific instructions on regimes for particular laboratory animals, with advice on recommended agents, dosages and special procedures of importance. Particular emphasis is placed on welfare, pain reduction and proper post - procedural care.The Second Edition of this now standard guide adds the results of the latest research, most effective anesthetics and useful illustrations of procedures and equipment and broadens the original book's coverage to include notes on fish, amphibia, reptiles and birds.It will prove an essential addition to the library of any laboratory where animals are used for research.

Laboratory Animal Anesthesia looks at recent significant developments in anesthetic practices in laboratory experiments involving animals. It also provides information about basic standards for proper use of anesthesia. In addition, it examines the equipment and different anesthetic agents that are used in performing an experiment on animals. The book also discusses the profound effects of anesthesia on the physiological aspect of the animals body systems, such as hypothermia and respiratory depression. The book addresses the proper management and care that should be provided for the animals that undergo anesthesia. Furthermore, it covers different anesthetic procedures that should be used on various kinds of small animals intended for laboratory experiments. The main goal of this book is to provide information about the different anesthetic agents used in experiments, and the proper standards to follow when using anesthetics on lab animals. Key Features New edition provides new information on anesthesia and analgesia, and has an extensively revised and updated bibliography Provides a balanced consideration of the needs of scientific research and the welfare of laboratory animals Written by a veterinary anesthetist and scientist with over 30 years' experience in the field, and who is actively engaged in research in this area Provides rapid, easily accessed information using tabulated summaries Provides those with limited experience of anesthesia with the information they need to carry our procedures effectively, safely, and humanely Provides sufficient depth for the more experienced anesthetist moving to this field

"Laboratory Animal Medicine, Third Edition, is a fully revised publication from the American College of Laboratory Medicines acclaimed blue book series. It presents an up-to-date volume that offers the most thorough coverage of the biology, health, and care of laboratory animals. The book is organized by species, with new inclusions of chinchillas, birds, and program and employee management, and is written and edited by known experts in the fields. Users will find gold-standard guidance on the study of laboratory animal science, as well as valuable information that applies across all of the biological and biomedical sciences that work with animals. Key Features. Organized by species for in-depth understanding of biology, health, and best care of animals. Features the inclusion of chinchillas, quail, and zebra finches as animal models. Offers guidance on program and employee management. Covers regulations, policies, and laws for laboratory animal management worldwide"

Laboratory Animal Welfare provides a comprehensive, up-to-date look into the new science of animal welfare within laboratory research. Animals specifically considered include rodents, cats and dogs, nonhuman primates, agricultural animals, avian animals and aquatic animals. The book examines the impact of experiment design and environment on animal welfare, as well as emergency situations and euthanasia practices. Readers will benefit from a review of regulations and policy guidelines concerning lab animal use, as well as information on assessing animal welfare. With discussions of the history and ethics of animals in research, and a debate on contemporary and international issues, this book is a go-to resource for laboratory animal welfare.

Land, Water and Mineral Resources in Science Education presents the proceedings of a workshop that tackles land, water, and mineral resources, held in Bangalore, India in August 1985. The book is divided into four parts. Part 1, which serves as an introduction, covers the problems related to and teaching about the use of land, water, and mineral resources. Part 2 discusses the viewpoints and problems of land use and its educational implications. Part 3 talks about the problems and necessary developments for water resources, and Part 4 tackles the educational aspect of mineral resources and their nature, as well as mineral exploration. The text is recommended for educators who intend to improve the teaching of natural resources, the issues and problems that surround them, and their importance to humanity. The book will also be appreciated by those who work in fields that deal with natural resources.

Leafhopper Vectors and Plant Disease Agents is the second in a multivolume series on vectors, vector-borne disease agents, and plant disease spread. This text aims to collect findings in leafhopper vector research, to suggest promising frontiers for further research, and to call attention to possible practical applications of understanding of leafhopper-pathogen-plant interactions. This book is organized into five parts. Opening chapters on the taxonomy, bionomics, and worldwide importance of leafhopper and planthopper vectors are appropriately relegated to Parts I and II. Part III focuses on vector-virus interactions of leafhopper-, planthopper-, and aphid-borne viruses and virus-induced, cytopathological changes in vectors. This part also explains the interactions of mycoplasmalike organisms (MLOs) and viruses in dually infected leafhoppers, planthoppers, and plants, as well as the transitory vector-virus interactions. The artificial and aseptic rearing of vectors, microinjection technique, vector tissue culture, and spiroplasmas and its vectors are all covered in Part IV. Part V contains chapters on specific leafhopper-borne viruses and MLOs, leafhopper and planthopper vector control, leafhopper-borne pathogens of corn-stunting diseases, Western X disease, and leafhopper-borne xylem-restricted pathogens. This text will be valuable for students, teachers, and researchers of vector-pathogen-plant relationships. Its in-depth coverage of leafhoppers and planthoppers as vectors makes this book ideally suited as a supplemental text in graduate entomology and plant pathology courses on insect transmission of plant disease agents.

Light and Plant Development presents the Proceedings of the 22nd University of Nottingham Easter School in Agricultural Science. It discusses the spectral sensitivity of inhibition of flowering by light. It addresses the action spectrum for leaf enlargement and stem growth inhibition. Some of the topics covered in the book are the nature of the blue light photoreceptor in higher plants and fungi; re-examination of photochemical properties and absorption characteristics of phytochrome using high-molecular-weight preparations; and intermediates in the photoconversion of phytochrome. The high irradiance reaction is fully covered. The physiological evidence and localised responses, intracellular localisation and action of phytochrome are discussed in detail. The text describes in depth the immunological visualisation of phytochrome. The fractionation procedures and terminology are presented completely. A chapter is devoted to the photocontrol of enzyme levels. Another section focuses on the ribosomal RNA synthesis in developing leaves. The book can provide useful information to botanists, chemists, students, and researchers.

Light Emission by Plants and Bacteria deals mainly with light coming from plants and bacteria as a result of various different reactions. This book emphasizes the light emission from photosynthetic organisms. The major aim of this book is to give insight on light emission studies in plant and bacteria in terms of its physiological, biophysical, and biochemical relevance. The book is divided into six parts. Part I serves as an introduction and at the same time a historical review and development of different concepts of the emission phenomena. Part II tackles the relationship of light emission to the various photosynthetic reactions. Part III discusses the concept of bioluminescence, with a focus on bacteria and dinoflagellates. Part IV is a description of the light emission from bacteriorhodopsin and rhodopsin. Part V discusses the special light emission characteristics and their relationship to specialized pigment systems found in different bacteria and plant groups. It also reviews the fluorescence properties of photosynthetic bacteria. Lastly, Part VI basically shows the practical applications of light emission from algae as well as higher plants. This book contains not only relevant information about theories and concepts, but also experiments. Thus, it is a recommended reference to researchers and students alike in the field of cell biology, microbiology, plant physiology, biochemistry, biophysics, and agriculture.

Lipid Metabolism in Ruminant Animals is a nine-chapter book that first discusses the anatomy, physiology, and microbiology of the ruminant digestive tract. Subsequent chapters center on lipid metabolism in the rumen; digestion, absorption and transport of lipids in ruminant animals; the composition, structure and function of lipids in the tissues of ruminant animals; and the effects of diet and other factors on the lipid composition of ruminant tissues and milk. Other chapters focus on lipid metabolism in the mammary gland, adipose tissue, liver, and other selected tissues of ruminant animals.

The country is celebrating the 150th birth anniversary of the Father of the Nation, Mahatma Gandhi. He led freedom struggle against British empire, which transformed him into a global leader of masses, disadvantageous and poor people. He has shown the way of social, economic and political transformation with small steps to serve the rural poor. Non-violence, truthfulness, democratic institutions, village industry and people-centric approach were his main principles and teachings for the people. He had led several movements to pursue the cause of Indian farmers, including famous protest of Champaran in 1917, Dandi March in 1930 and Quit India Movement in 1942. These movements motivated the farmers and rural workers to join the freedom struggle. Mahatma Gandhi firmly believed that prosperity of agriculture and farmers should pave the way for economic prosperity of the country. This belief has been reaffirmed in the agricultural development process followed in India and other developing countries. Evidences are now available indicating that agricultural growth has significant impacts on reduction of poverty and promotion of social and economic equity. The pandemic of COVID-19 has further established that agriculture is a strong pillar to absorb economic shocks and build resilience to economic growth. The Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) has been at the forefront to propel agricultural development through development and dissemination of technology, building human capital and establishing the rural centres to serve the farmers. The Council has developed partnerships with the organizations serving farmers and rural people. One of the important components of ICAR strategy is increasing agricultural productivity in harmony with nature. The needs of unprivileged farmers, marginal production environments, and rural youth have been accorded high priority in research programs of the Council. Similarly, gender mainstreaming, outscaling of farmers? innovations, farmers? participatory approach, and institutional change for higher efficiency has been corner stones of research approach of ICAR. In other words, the Council has followed the principles of Mahatma Gandhi to make Indian agriculture prosperous, empower farmers, and strengthen village institutions. The efforts made by the Krishi Vigyan Kendras to develop skills of rural women and small farmers, and to provide services at the doorstep of farmers have contributed to the Gandhian vision. This publication documents the major contributions of ICAR to promote sustainable development, technological empowerment of people in inaccessible areas, enhance value of farm produce, and promote rural livelihood options. Conservation of biodiversity, soil and water, yield improvement of millets in hill areas, improvement of indigenous cattle, goat development, support for fishermen, and food processing options for households are some of the notable examples. I compliment ICAR for bringing out this publication that shall be useful for policy makers and public agencies to take the task of agriculture and rural development on the Gandhian way. This is the need of the hour when there is weakening of the values of rural communities and rising pressure on natural resources.

Global climate change is a natural process that currently appears to be strongly influenced by human activities, which increase atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases (GHG). Agriculture contributes about 20% of the worlds global radiation forcing from carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide, and produces 50% of the methane and 70% of the nitrous oxide of the human-induced emission. Managing Agricultural Greenhouse Gases synthesizes the wealth of information generated from the GRACEnet (Greenhouse gas Reduction through Agricultural Carbon Enhancement network) effort with contributors from a variety of backgrounds, and reports findings with important international applications.

Manipulation of Flowering presents the edited proceedings of the 45th University of Nottingham Easter School in Agricultural Science held at Sutton Bonington in England on April 7-10, 1986. This book is organized into eight sections. The first main section examines the measurement and prediction of flowering and analyzes how best to measure flowering when the aim is either to assist physiological interpretations or construct predictive models. The following sections explore juvenility, the nature of determination in meristems, vernalization, photoperiodic induction and flower evocation, and initiation and development to anthesis. Each of the main sections provides an analysis of the flowering problems and a critical view of how to achieve a better understanding and use of the physiology of flowering. This book will be of interest to crop researchers, plant physiologists, geneticists, and others interested in understanding flowering manipulation.